Unit 4 Tiếng Anh lớp 12 Ngữ pháp Language Focus School Education System

Tóm tắt bài

1. Pronunciation Language Focus Unit 4 Lớp 12

Stress in three-syllable words
(Trọng âm của từ ba âm tiết)
Dưới đây là cách nhấn trọng âm của từ có 3 âm tiết

• Danh từ
  • trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết đầu nếu âm tiết thứ ba cà âm tiết âm thứ hai chứa một nguyên âm ngắn và tận cùng với không quá một phụ âm.
    • Ví dụ: industry /'indəstri/, envelope /'enviloup/
  • trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai nếu âm tiết cuối cùng chứa nguyên âm ngắn hoặc nguyên âm đôi /əʊ/ và âm tiết thứ hai chứa một nguyên âm dài hoặc một nguyên âm đôi hoặc tận cùng bằng hai phụ âm trở lên.
    • Ví dụ: mimosa /mi'məʊsə/, convenience /kən'vi:niəns/
• Động từ
  • trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai nếu âm tiết cuối chứa một nguyên âm ngắn và kết thúc không quá một phụ âm.
    • Ví dụ: encounter /in'kaʊntə[r]/, determine /di'tɜ:min/
  • trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ ba nếu âm tiết này chứa một nguyên âm dài hoặc một nguyên âm đôi hoặc tận cùng bằng hai phụ âm trở lên.
    • Ví dụ: entertain /,entə'tain/
• Tính từ: giống như danh từ có ba âm tiết

2. Grammar Language Focus Unit 4 Lớp 12

Passive voice (Thể bị động)

Tense (Thì)	Form (Công thức)	Example (Ví dụ)
Present simple	is/am/are + V-ed/(III)	The room is cleaned everyday.
Present progressive	is/am/are + being + V-ed/(III)	I think we are being followed.
Present perfect	have/has + been + V-ed/(III)	The concert has been cancelled.
Past simple	was/were + V-ed/(III)	I wasn't invited, but I went anyway.
Past progressive	was/were + being + V-ed/(III)	I felt as if I was being watched.
Past perfect	had + been + V-ed/(III)	I knew why I had been chosen.
Future Simple	will + be + V-ed/(III)	Your life will be change by this book.
Modal verb	can/must/may...+ be + V-ed/(III)	This homewwork must be done before 10p.m.

Unit 4 Lớp 12 Language Focus Exercise 1

Fill each blank with the simple present passive form of the verb in brackets. (Hãy điền vào chỗ trống dạng thức bị động ở thì hiện tại đơn của các động từ trong ngoặc)

1. The academic year in England……………………..into three terms. (divide) --> The academic year in England is divided into three terms.
2. Each term ………………………. by a one-week break. (separate)
3. The national curriculum…………by the government and……………in all state schools. (set, must follow)
4. The national curriculum …………….. of more than ten subjects. (make up)
5. The state school system……………………for by the state. (pay)
6. The advanced students…………………….. to take part in the annual International Olympic Competition. (select)

Guide to answer

2. is separated
3. is set - must be followed
4. is made up
5. is paid
6. are selected
Unit 4 Lớp 12 Language Focus Exercise 2

Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice. (Viết lại câu sử dụng dạng thức bị động)

1. They built this school in 1997.
2. They first published this dictionary in 1870.
3. The students in my class are going to organize a surprise party tomorrow evening.
4. They are painting the kitchen now.
5. Shakespeare wrote “Romeo and Juliet" in 1605
6. They have translated Shakespeare’s tragedies into many languages.
7. They have just built a new primary school in my village.
8. They will speak English at the conference.
9. Jane hasn’t cleaned the floor yet.
10. They will repaint the house soon.

Guide to answer

1. This school was built in 1997.
2. This dictionary was first published in 1870.
3. A surprise party is going to be organized by the students in my class tomorrow evening.
4. The kitchen is being painted now.
5. “Romeo and Juliet" was written by Shakespeare in 1605.
6. Shakespeare's tragedies have been translated into many languages.
7. A new primary school has just been built in my village.
8. English will be spoken at the conference.
9. The floor hasn't been cleaned yet.
10. The house will be repainted soon.

Unit 4 Lớp 12 Language Focus Exercise 3

Fill in the spaces of the following passage will the correct tense in passive voice of the verbs in brackets. (Điền vào chỗ trống trong đoạn văn sau với dạng đúng của thể bị động và các thì của động từ trong ngoặc.)
The world’s first electronic computer………………….. (1. build) by the University of Pennsylvania in 1946. However, computers……………………( 2. sell) commercially for the first time in the 1950s. Much progress on computers ……………(3. make) since 1950. Computers are now much smaller and more powerful and they …………..(4. can buy) much more cheaply.
Computers……………….(5. use) in many fields - in business, science, medicine, and education, for example. They ……………………(6. can use) to forecast the weather or to control robots which make cars. The computer’s memory is the place where information……………………(7.store) and calculations………………….(8. do). A computer cannot think for itself – it……………..(9. must tell) exactly what to do. A lot of difficult calculations……………….(10. can do) very quickly on computer.
Guide to answer

1. was built
2. were sold
3. has been made
4. can be bought
5. are used
6. can be used
7. is stored
8. are done
9. must be told
10. can be done

Bài tập minh họa

Exercise 1

Choose the word that has main stress placed differently from that of the others.

1. A. education B. compulsory C. academic D. independent
2. A. secondary B. primary C. category D. certificate
3. A. Algebra B. History C. Statistics D. Chemistry
4. A. Geography B. university C. technology D. methodical
5. A. general B. separate C. educate D. October

Key

1	2	3	4	5
B	D	A	A	D

Exercise 2

Turn the following sentences into passive voice.

1. People speak English all over the world.
2. ACB Company will build a new brigde in this village.
3. The farmer prevented walkers from crossing the field after he fenced it off.
4. They are announcing the President's arrival to the waiting journalists.
5. We have to complete the report in 10 mininutes.

Key

1. English is spoken all over the world.
2. A new bridge will be built in this village.
3. Walkers were prevented from crossing the field afre the farmer fenced it off.
4. The President's arrival is being announcing to the waiting journalists.
5. The report has to be completed in 10 minutes.