Unit 4 Tiếng Anh lớp 9 Ngữ pháp Language Focus - Learning a foreign language

Tóm tắt bài

1. Grammar Language Focus Unit 4 Lớp 9

a. Modal verbs with if

• Cấu trúc: if + present tense modal + verb
• Các động từ đặc biệt như là must can should may might ought to have to could...cung cấp thêm thông tin về kết quả liên quan đến khả năng mức độ chắc chắn sự cho phép nhiệm vụ/nghĩa vụ hoặc sự cần thiết.

Ex: If you want to drive a car you must have a driving licence. (Nếu bạn muốn lái xe hơi bạn phải có bằng lái xe)
She may accept your offer if you ask her. (Cô ấy có thể sẽ chấp nhận nếu anh hỏi cô ấy)
b. Reported speech (câu gián tiếp)

• Cách chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
  • đổi chủ ngữ tân ngữ tính từ sở hữu trong câu trực tiếp sao cho phù hợp với ngữ cảnh
  • thay đổi thì của động từ (lùi thì)
  • biến đổi các đại từ chỉ thị trạng từ chỉ thời gian địa điểm

	Câu trực tiếp	Câu gián tiếp
tenses	S + am/ is/ are → S + V → S + will + V → S + will be → S + have P2 → S + are/ is/ am + going to V → S + was/ were Ving → S + have/ has been Ving → Must → Have to → Should.......................... → Ought to → Can → May →	S + was/ were S + Ved S + would V S + would be S + had P2 S + was/ were + going to V S + had been + Ving S + had been Ving Had to Had to Should Ought to Could might
time	Yesterday Five days ago Last week Now Today Tonight Tomorrow Next week Ago The day before yesterday The day after tomorrow	The day before/the previous day Five days before/ earlier The week before/ the previous week Then That day That night The next day/ the following day The next week/ the following week Before Two days before In two day s time
place	Here there	There there
This these	That those
Personal pronouns	I We You They He/she it	He/ she They You/ he/ she They He/she it
Possessive pronouns	My Our Your Their His/her its	His/her Their His/her/their Their His/her its
This/ these + N	That/ those + N
This / that là đại từ chỉ thị Ex: people say "We should solve this"	It/ them/ they People say they should solve it.

• Một số hình thức câu gián tiếp cơ bản

b.1 Reporting statements (câu trần thuật)
"I m very happy." Annie said.
→ Annie said (that) she was very happy.
"We like oranges."
→ They said (that) they liked oranges.
Thường sử dụng các động từ tường thuật như: said said to told reported ....
b.2 Reporting commands and requests
Cấu trúc: S + V (asked/ told ...) + O + to (not to) + V ...
Ex: "Shut the door Tom" he said.
→ He told Tom to shut the door.

• Cách chuyển đổi

+ đổi động từ tường thuật sang: told (bảo) asked (yêu cầu ra lệnh) advised (khuyên) persuaded (thuyết phục) begged (van xin) ...tuỳ theo ngữ cảnh lời nói.
+ tìm tân ngữ đặt ngay sau động từ tường thuật trên
+ bỏ dấu hai chấm ngoặc kép
+ với câu mệnh lênh khẳng định chuyển động từ mệnh lệnh thành To V; với câu mệnh lệnh phủ định chuyển động từ mệnh lệnh thành Not to V
+ biến đổi thì của động từ đại từ nhân xưng đại từ sở hữu các từ chỉ thời gian sao cho phù hợp với ngữ cảnh
b.3 Reporting questions (câu hỏi)

• Yes/ No questions (câu hỏi có câu trả lời là Có hoặc Không)

She + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + (O) + if/ whether + mệnh đề
Ex: Mary said to Nam "Can you speak English?"
→ Mary asked Nam if/ whether he could speak English.
"Do you go to school?" he asked
→ He asked if I went to school.

• Wh - questions (Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi)

S + V + (O) + who/ what ... + Mệnh đề
Ex: Betty said to Jane "What are you doing?"
→ Betty asked Jane what she was doing.
"When did your sister leave for Danang?" asked Tina.
→ Tina asked me when my sister had left for Danang.
b.4 Chú ý

• khi động từ tường thuật ở các thi hiện tại hoặc tương lai các thì cảu động từ trong câu trực tiếp không đổi các từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn vẫn giữ nguyên

She says "Tim won the scholarship last week."
→ She says Tim won the scholarship last week.

• khi lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý sự kiện hiển nhiên định luật khoa học động từ của lời nói trực tiếp không đổi thì

He said "Ice melts in the sun."
→ He said (that) ice melts in the sun.
2. Exercise Language Focus Unit 4 Lớp 9

Unit 4 Lớp 9 Language Focus Exercise 1

Complete the sentences. Use the modal verbs in brackets and the information in the box.(Hoàn thành các câu sau. Sử dụng động từ khuyết thiếu trong dấu ngoặc và thông tin trong khung.)

stay/bed do/homework do/exercise go/university study hard miss/train

a) Lan: My grades are terrible.
Mrs. Quyen: If you want to get good grades, you must study hard.
b) Hoa: I'd like to be a doctor.
Aunt Thanh: You have to go to university if you want to study medicine.
c) Ba: Oh, no! I weigh 60 kilos!
Nga: If you want to lose weight, you ________. (should)
d) Tuan: Where's Ba? He's very late.
Mrs. Hoa: If he doesn't come soon, he ______. (might)
e) Mr. Ha: I feel sick.
Mrs. Nga: If you want to get well, you ________. (ought)
f) Na: I'd like to go to the movies.
Mrs. Kim: You _____ if you want to go out. (must)
Guide to answer

a) Lan: My grades are terrible.
Mrs. Quyen: If you want to get good grades, you must study hard.
b) Hoa: I'd like to be a doctor.
Aunt Thanh: You have to go to university if you want to study medicine.
c) Ba: Oh, no! I weigh 60 kilos!
Nga: If you want to lose weight, you should do exercise.
d) Tuan: Where's Ba? He's very late.
Mrs. Hoa: If he doesn't come soon, he might miss the train.
e) Mr. Ha: I feel sick.
Mrs. Nga: If you want to get well, you ought to stay in bed.
f) Na: I'd like to go to the movies.
Mrs. Kim: You must do your homework if you want to go out.
Unit 4 Lớp 9 Language Focus Exercise 2

Complete the table. (Hoàn thành bảng.)
Guide to answer

Direct speech	Reported speech	Direct speech	Reported speech
present simple tense	past simple tense	these	those
present progressive tense	past progressive tense	here	there
future simple tense	present conditional	now	then
can/ may	could/ might	today	that day
must	had to/ must	tomorrow	the following day

Unit 4 Lớp 9 Language Focus Exercise 3

Lan's father held a party to celebrate his mother's birthday. Unfortunately, Mrs Thu, her grandmother, has a hearing problem and she couldn't hear what people were saying. (Cha của Lan đã tổ chức một bữa tiệc để ăn mừng sinh nhật của mẹ mình. Thật không may, bà Thu, bà ngoại cô ấy, lại bị lãng tai và bà không thể nghe những gì mọi người nói. Sau bữa tiệc, Lan tường thuật tất cả mọi thứ cho bà ngoại.)
a. "This birthday cake is delicious." (Uncle Hung)
b. "I love these roses." (Miss Nga)
c. "I'm having a wonderful time here." (Cousin Mai)
d. "I will go to Hue tomorrow." (Mr. Chi)
e. "I may have a new job." (Mrs. Hoa)
f. "I must leave now." (Mr. Quang)
Guide to answer

a) Uncle Hung said (that) the birthday cake was delicious.
b) Miss Nga said (that) she loved the roses.
c) Cousin Mai said (that) she was having a wonderful time there.
d) Mr. Chi said (that) he would go to Hue the following day.
e) Mrs. Hoa said (that) she might have a new job.
f) Mr. Quang said that he must leave then.
Unit 4 Language Focus Exercise 4

This morning Nga had an interview for a summer job. When she arrived home, she told her mother about the interview. (Sáng nay, Nga đã có một buổi phỏng vấn xin việc mùa hè. Khi cô ấy trở về nhà, cô ấy đã kể lại buổi phỏng vấn ấy cho mẹ cô ấy.)
Example:
"Do you like pop music?"
=> She asked me if I liked pop music.
or She asked me whether I liked pop music.
"Where do you live?"
=> She asked me where I lived.
Guide to answer

a) She asked me how old I were.
b) She asked me if my school near there.
c) She asked me what the name of my school.
d) She asked me whether you went to school by bicycle.
e) She asked me which grade I'm in.
f) She asked me if I could/ can use a computer.
g) She asked me why I wanted that job.
h) She asked me when my school vacation started.
Bài tập minh họa

EXERCISE 1: Put the following statements into reported speech.
1. "Is a return ticket cheaper than two singles?" said my uncle.
2. "Do puppies travel free?" asked a dog owner.
3. "Can I bring my dog into the compartment with me?" she asked.
4. "Does this train stop at York?" asked Bill.
5. "Can you telephone from inter – city trains?" said businessman.
EXERCISE 2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. If you (read) in bad light you will ruin your eyes.
2. Somebody (steal) your bicyle if you leave it unlocked.
3. What will happen if her parachute (not open).
4. If the page-boy (wash) my car I'll given him a dollar.
5. If she (need) a computer she can borrow mine.
Key
EXERCISE 1
1. My uncle asked if a return ticket was.
2. A dog owner asked if puppies traveled free.
3. She asked if she could bring her dog into the compartment with her.
4. Bill asked if the train stopped at York.
5. The businessman asked if I could telephone from inter-city train.
EXERCISE 2
1. read
2. will steal
3. doesn't open
4. washes
5. needs